English to Persian (Farsi) Tech/Engineering Physics Conditional inference, ancillarity and similar tests

How would you translate "against"?



Definition Suppose θ = (ψ,λ) and the parameter space is of the form =  × , as in
the definition of an ancillary statistic. Suppose we wish to test the null hypothesis H0 : ψ =
ψ0 against the alternative H1 : ψ = ψ0, with λ treated as a nuisance parameter. Suppose
φ(x), x ∈ X is a test of size α for which