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English to Indonesian: Management of black pod rot in cacao (Theobroma cacao L.): a review. General field: Other Detailed field: Agriculture
Source text - English Theobroma cacao L. is economically speaking the most important species of the genus Theobroma. Cacao is cultured in tropical regions and its yield is affected by several diseases, such as black pod. Black pod rot in cacao. Cacao black pod, particularly, is an economically serious problem in all areas of the world where cacao is grown, causing significant pod losses of up to 30% and killing up to 10% of the trees annually. The disease is caused by different species of the stramenopile genus Phytophthora and, once it has infected a cacao field, its control is fairly difficult. Black pod rot control strategies. Several approaches are used to manage black pod: chemical control, phytosanitary and cultural methods, genetic resistance, and biological control. Losses in yield due to black pod could be reduced through integrated management practices, although the results may vary for each cacao-growing region. Main challenges and new approaches. Black pod control could be achieved if an integrated management strategy is established, with the combination of biological and chemical methods, genetic control, and adequate cultural methods in an integrated program.
Translation - Indonesian Theobroma cacao L. adalah spesies yang terpenting secara ekonomi dari genus Theobroma. Kakao ditanam pada wilayah tropis dan hasilnya dipengaruhi oleh beberapa penyakit, seperti polong hitam. Busuk polong hitam pada kakao. Polong hitam kakao, pada khususnya, merupakan permasalahan yang serius secara ekonomi di seluruh area di dunia di mana kakao ditanam, menyebabkan kehulangan polong yang sangat signifikan hingga 30% dan mematikan hingga 10% pohon setiap tahunnya. Penyakit tersebut disebabkan oleh spesies yang berbeda dari straminopile genus Phytophtora dan, begitu dia menginfeksi ladang coklat, pengendaliannya cukup sulit. Strategi pengendalian busuk polong hitam. Beberapa pendekatan digunakan untuk menanggulangi polong hitam: pengendalian kimiawi, fitosanitasi dan metode kultural, ketahanan genetik, dan pengendalian biologis. Kerugian hasil panen akibat polong hitam dapat dikurangi melalui praktik manajemen terpadu, meskipun hasilnya dapat beragam untuk masing-masing area yang ditanami kakao. Tantangan utama dan pendekatan baru. Pengendalian polong hitam dapat dicapai jika sebuah strategi pengelolaan terintegrasi dilakukan, dengan kombinasi metode biologis dan kimiawi, pengendalian genetik, dan metode kultural yang cukup dalam sebuah program terpadu.
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Bachelor's degree - Gunadarma University
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Years of experience: 11. Registered at ProZ.com: Jun 2014.
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